Not only young blood
The blood of trained mice benefited their relatives
Studies show that a substance from the blood of physically active mice can transmit some of the benefits of activity, including reducing brain inflammation, if this blood is transfused to mice that have not been subjected to training.
A team led by Tony Wyss-Coray from Stanford University placed one group of young mice in cages with running wheels. The mice ran about 10 kilometers per night. The second group of young rodents lived in cages with fixed wheels. Their level of physical activity was much lower.
After 28 days, blood was taken from mice from both groups and plasma was isolated. Blood plasma was transfused to mice from the third group, which also did not run in wheels. Transfusions were performed every three days for 28 days.
As a result, the scientists found that the mice that received the plasma of the runner mice showed many of the positive effects associated with physical activity. For example, the survival of brain cells improves. These mice also performed better in memory tests than mice injected with plasma from sedentary mice.
When scientists analyzed the activity of genes in the brains of recipient mice, they found that injections of runners' plasma inhibited the work of several genes that contribute to inflammation. To confirm that the plasma of physically active mice suppresses inflammation, the team injected mice with bacterial molecules that cause inflammation, and then transfused plasma from runner mice or non-exercise mice to the animals. In this case, the plasma of mice who regularly trained also reduced the activity of inflammatory genes in the brain.
Now it was necessary to find out which substance from the plasma of physically active mice had this effect. To find out, the scientists analyzed changes in the levels of various proteins in running animals. After a month of regular exercise, they significantly increased the number of four proteins that play a role in immunity or inflammation. These four include clusterin, which is part of the molecular system that protects the body from pathogens and helps control inflammation.
The researchers removed each of the four proteins from the plasma of the runner mice and measured its effect on inflammation. "When we removed the clusterin, the anti—inflammatory effect of the runners' plasma decreased the most," said the first author of the study, Zurine De Miguel. Clusterin appears to suppress brain inflammation by stimulating receptors in the inner lining of blood vessels.
The study was published in the journal Nature (Exercise plasma boosts memory and dampens brain inflammation via clusterin).
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