33% over 10 years
Since 2007, the incidence of cancer in the world has increased by a third
An international team of scientists from the Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration from 195 countries conducted a large-scale statistical study of oncological diseases. It included questions about how many people in the world are sick and how many are dying from cancer, what is the number of years of life lived by patients with cancer or lost due to premature death, which types of cancer are most common, which take the most lives.
The work was carried out under the supervision of Dr. Christina Fitzmaurice and Professor Christopher Murray. From Russia, scientists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, as well as from the HSE, MSTU and the First Moscow Medical University participated in the study. The results of the study were published in the journal JAMA Oncology, the MIPT press service briefly told about them.
The results of a systematic study showed that in 2017, 24.5 million people got cancer (16.8 million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million people died from cancer. During the period from 2007 to 2017, the number of cancer cases increased by 33% (while the smallest increase was observed in economically developed countries).
"The growth of oncological diseases is a natural result of progress in medicine. We have learned how to treat or prevent many infectious diseases. Life expectancy has increased significantly, as has the mutual influence of man and the environment. But people remain mortal, and oncological diseases take the leading place among the causes of death," says Stanislav Ostregnov, a member of the research team, deputy head of the laboratory for the analysis of population health indicators and digitalization of healthcare at MIPT (Tsifromed Fiztech).
To determine the socio-economic burden of cancer, scientists calculated the indicator DALY (disability-adjusted life years) is the sum of the years of life lived with disability YLD (years lost due to disability), and the lost years of life not lived to the average age of death YLL (years of life lost). The DALYs from oncological diseases in 2017 were estimated at 233.5 million years, of which approximately 225 million years account for the lost years of life (YLL).
If in 2007 the top three in DALY looked like this: respiratory diseases and tuberculosis, maternal and neonatal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and oncological diseases occupied only the sixth rank, then 10 years later the situation has changed significantly: cardiovascular diseases came out on top, oncological diseases came in second.
The most common groups of oncological diseases in the world are non-melanoma skin cancer, cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, breast cancer, colon and rectum cancer and prostate cancer. In Russia, non-melanoma skin cancer is in the first place in terms of prevalence, colon and rectum cancer and breast cancer are in second and third place, followed by tracheal, bronchial and lung cancer and stomach cancer.
The largest number of lives both in the world and in Russia are claimed by cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, colon and rectum cancer and stomach cancer. At the same time, in Russia, as in all of Eastern Europe, liver cancer is less common than the global average.
Stanislav Stragnov adds: "Now 51% of the incidence of cancer is in countries with a high socio-demographic index (an integral indicator that includes an assessment of income, education and fertility rate). At the same time, there are only 30% of cancer deaths and 24% of the DALY value."
Over the period from 2007 to 2017, the age-standardized cancer incidence rate increased for most countries of the world (in Russia, as well as in the USA, Canada and Finland, it ranges from 0.1 to 1%). At the same time, the average annual age-standardized mortality rates for all types of cancer collectively decreased in most of the countries studied, including Russia (within 1-2%, as in Canada, Japan, France and Portugal).
"Cancer and other non-communicable diseases are now widely recognized as a threat to global development, prevention and control of them is one of the priorities recognized by the UN. However, there are a number of obstacles on the way to this goal, such as the lack of transparent mechanisms for prioritization and budget constraints. Without a detailed understanding of the epidemiological situation, it is impossible to make adequate decisions. The research conducted by the Global Burden of Disease Collaboration can serve as a source of information for this," says Stanislav Otstanov.
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