Titanium Nickelide implants
Scientists have developed elastic porous materials for implants
Materials scientists of SPTI TSU have patented a method for obtaining material for implants that behave the same way as living tissues of the body when loaded. The "nature-like" material is created on the basis of durable titanium nickelide, and with the help of titanium powder additives, scientists achieve elastic behavior and shape memory effect. The properties of the new material are comparable to how the bone tissues of the human body behave under physiological loads.
The task of TSU scientists was to obtain such a material for implants that would be biocompatible, high-strength, corrosion-resistant and durable. But at the same time – it is similar to the living bone tissues of the body. It was possible to obtain such a material by adding Ti powder to a porous powder alloy based on titanium nickelide. The additives made it possible to adjust the porosity coefficient and achieve elastic behavior and shape memory effect.
– Living tissues change their shape under the influence of the load not elastically, but according to a special hysteresis pattern. This is a very unusual process: at the beginning of deformation, the biological system strongly resists and quickly accumulates stress, but then it reaches a plateau – and then the deformation goes on without increasing stress. And when unloading, the biological system, as it were, resists this unloading and, after removing external stresses, completely restores its original shape," explains one of the authors of the development Sergey Anikeev, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical Alloys and Implants with shape memory of SPTI TSU.
The new material, the method of obtaining which was patented by TSU scientists, behaves exactly the same under loads. In an alloy based on titanium nickelide, due to the implementation of phase martensitic transformations, the same hysteresis dependence of the shape change under loads is manifested. That is why implants made of such material meet the latest medical requirements in surgery, dentistry, and traumatology.
– Traditional materials for implants, such as titanium, tantalum, stainless steel, are not able to exhibit hysteresis shape change under load. High-strength spokes, pins, plates are made of them so that they do not change their shape under the influence of loads in the human body. It turns out that static conditions are created for work in the human body, in which everything around is in motion. And our material "lives" together with the body, – comments Sergey Anikeev.
Elastic porous material based on TiNi is able to change its shape by up to 6-7% without residual deformation, that is, completely return to its original shape after strong stretching or compression. Implants made on the basis of such an alloy have not only high structural properties, but also physical and mechanical parameters that are as close as possible to the bone tissues of the human body.
Dental implants made of porous material.
The research was carried out within the framework of the grant of the Russian Academy of Sciences 19-79-10045, "Development of a method of reaction-diffusion sintering for the creation of biocompatible porous materials based on titanium nickelide with a developed terraced surface of the pore walls and the hysteresis character of the shape change".
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