The law will prescribe the procedure for organ transplantation
I'll put my heart in good hands
Vladislav Kulikov, Rossiyskaya GazetaA new draft law (Draft federal law on organ donation) proposes to regulate in detail the procedure of organ transplantation.
The purchase and sale of hearts, kidneys and everything else will be strictly prohibited by law - on pain of criminal punishment.
But any person will be able to formalize their consent or disagreement to the use of their body parts after death to help other people. Information about consonants and dissenters will be consolidated in a single state register.
The project was developed by the Ministry of Health and submitted for public discussion. Now the collection of people's complaints and proposals on the document is already coming to an end, after summing up the results, the project should go further through the instances.
Many experts assure that the sooner the document is adopted, the more lives will be saved. On the other hand, for the public, the topic is not so much acute as painful: there are many terrible legends around organ transplantation.
For example, about "bounty hunters" who kill people for organs. About "killer doctors" who bring patients to death in order to transplant still warm hearts to the rich. Etc.
The prepared bill is designed to dispel fears. According to him, special positions of transplant coordinators will appear in the states of those hospitals that will be allowed to remove organs. The removal of organs from unidentified corpses and unidentified persons will be prohibited under threat of criminal liability.
If someone does not want his body to continue to live in other people, he can officially write and certify with a notary or the head doctor of the hospital a refusal to withdraw organs for transplantation. In extreme cases, the patient can verbally tell the doctor "no" in the presence of witnesses.
When a person's will is not fixed during his lifetime, the spouse has the right to declare his disagreement on the removal of organs from the body of the deceased, and in his absence – one of the close relatives in the following sequence: children, parents, adopted, adoptive parents, siblings, grandchildren, grandparents. If no one says "no", the principle of presumption of consent will come into force. In other words, by default, it will be assumed that the deceased does not object.
At the same time, within an hour after the death of a person, the hospital must inform the sad news to his relatives. As soon as they find out, they will have two hours to report their disagreement on organ removal. This can be done orally, even over the phone, provided that the conversation is automatically recorded.
A delicate point: will doctors inform saddened people, they say, "you have the right to express disagreement," or will they prefer to remain silent? Few ordinary people in a moment of grief are able to recall such legal subtleties. But those who forgot or did not know then will automatically be recorded as "not objecting".
In any case, the procedure for the removal of organs can be started only after the death of a person has been ascertained and the death protocol has been signed in accordance with the procedure established by law. Doctors involved in the death assessment cannot participate in the process of organ donation or subsequent organ transplantation, as well as express the interests of potential recipients (those who can receive new organs). Simply put, a medic signing a death protocol should not earn money from transplants or lobby for the interests of those who are interested in other people's organs.
The project also lists organs that can be taken and transplanted. An unprepared person probably shouldn't read the list. The objects of removal and transplantation can be the heart, lungs, trachea, heart-lung complex, kidney, liver, pancreas, small intestine, visceral complex, limbs and their fragments. A kidney, a part of the liver, a part of the small intestine, a portion of the lung, and a part of the pancreas can be removed from a living donor for transplantation.
The draft law prohibits any requests and provision of information about the demand and supply of human organs for their transplantation, the purpose of which is to offer or search for payment. That is, a hospital where a terminal patient is lying should not make inquiries, they say, what prices are now, what is the demand for, and even more so it is forbidden to search for potential buyers.
Medical organizations and doctors engaged in transplantation will be prohibited from receiving any remuneration from individuals and legal entities in connection with the medical care provided, with the exception of officially established remuneration. The transplant material (organ, part of an organ, organs) is provided to potential recipients for medical reasons, and not on the basis of monetary or other remuneration.
So, it will be impossible to buy or sell a kidney legally. The advantage in providing organs, if necessary, can be obtained by people who themselves became organ donors during their lifetime. This norm does not imply an exchange of "you – to me, I – to you", since organ transplantation of a living person will be possible only in the family circle. It will be impossible to sell your kidneys to the side, to share part of the liver with a stranger. As stated in the draft, "the removal of organs from a living donor for transplantation is allowed only from adult capable persons, provided they are related to the recipient (hereinafter referred to as related transplantation)." The relationship is established on the basis of documents.
People who have become lifelong donors for their relatives are guaranteed lifelong dispensary monitoring of their health and medical and psychological rehabilitation. If such a donor ever needs a transplant himself, he will be put on a preferential waiting list.
To monitor the process of organ transplantation throughout the country, it is planned to create a federal state budgetary institution under the medical department. A system of regional organ donation coordination centers will also be deployed. In this way, medical organizations will, among other things, maintain unified waiting lists for donor organs of a certain region, monitor the computer selection of donor-recipient pairs, as well as the distribution process of withdrawn donor organs, and so on.
By the way, the law provides for the automatic distribution of seized organs. The computer program should take into account the immunological compatibility of the donor-recipient pair, the emergency status of transplantation, the proximity of the recipient to the organ intended for removal (that is, how far the hospital with the deceased is from the hospital where the transplant center is). Automation will also check who has the advantage of receiving the seized organ – minors and persons who provided their organs during their lifetime for related transplantation. Etc.
It is specifically stipulated that the removal of transplant material should be carried out with respect for the human body. When removing an organ, part of an organ, organs, all measures must be taken to preserve the appearance of the body of a deceased person. And the removal of organs should not cause the death of the donor.
Portal "Eternal youth" http://vechnayamolodost.ru27.08.2013